[current_date format=l,] [current_date]

Does China Prepping for Missile Attacks?

545 Views

By Bethany Shepard

The nobility of the Shang Dynasty from the 16th to 11th centuries B.C. practiced ancestor worship by presenting their ancestors with ceremonial offerings of wine and food in bronze cups. In ancient China, these vessels were known as fangyi. The fundamental objective of these ritual sacrifices was to please the ancestral spirits. By performing these ceremonies, the nobility of the Shang Dynasty hoped to ensure the continuation of their predecessors’ dynastic authority. In accordance with these rites, numerous expensive wine vessels were presented to the tombs of the ancestors. The significance and symbolism of these intriguing and hypnotic Shang bronzes bear deep meaning for those who continue to study them today. . The fangyi bronze vessel is shaped like a tiny cottage or granary and has a rectangle or

The nobility of the Shang Dynasty from the 16th to 11th centuries B.C. practiced ancestor worship by presenting their ancestors with ceremonial offerings of wine and food in bronze cups. In ancient China, these vessels were known as fangyi.

The fundamental objective of these ritual sacrifices was to please the ancestral spirits. By performing these ceremonies, the nobility of the Shang Dynasty hoped to ensure the continuation of their predecessors’ dynastic authority.

In accordance with these rites, numerous expensive wine vessels were presented to the tombs of the ancestors. The significance and symbolism of these intriguing and hypnotic Shang bronzes bear deep meaning for those who continue to study them today. .

The fangyi bronze vessel is shaped like a tiny cottage or granary and has a rectangle or square cross-section. The sides of fangyi have the shape of a hipped roof, sloping outward from a low base to a covering.A little knob in the shape of a hipped roof was placed in the cover’s middle. It contains motifs that are typical of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

Covered Ritual Wine Vessel (Fangyi), 11th to early 10th century BC, Shang dynasty or Western Zhou period, China, cast bronze - Sackler Museum
Covered Ritual Wine Vessel (Fangyi), 11th to early 10th century BC, Shang dynasty or Western Zhou period, China, cast bronze – Sackler Museum . ( Daderot/Wikimedia Commons CC0 1.0)

This form of Chinese vessel, known as fangyi, dates back to the classical and most advanced period of the Shang Dynasty. These vessels demonstrate the technical expertise of the bronze foundries that once operated in and served Angtang, the Shang Dynasty’s capital.Like other Chinese bronzes of the time, the fangyi in the Cincinnati Art Museum was cast in numerous clay molds.

The Chinese metalworkers adorned the wine jars with intricate and precise surface ornamentation. Fangyi’s traditional ornamentation consists of taotie and paired dragons with protruding eyes and horns. This level of expertise gives these constructions a special place in the realm of art history.

Copper is the primary component of bronze, which also contains other metals such as aluminum, tin, zinc, etc. When viewing these pieces today, the  surface of the metal is no longer silvery and reflective as it was three thousand years ago. This discoloration is attributable to corrosion and the metal mixing with air, which has altered the appearance of the wine vessels over the hundreds of years that they have remained.

As a result of corrosion, the wine vessel’s outside is covered in reds, greens, and blues. This can be understood using a penny as an illustration. It is lustrous when it is new, but its color fades over time, looking tarnished.

Square lidded ritual wine container (fangyi) with taotie, serpents, and birds, Early Western Zhou dynasty, c. 1050–975 B.C.E., Bronze, China, Henan province, Luoyang, 35.3 high x 24.8 x 23.3 cm (Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution/asia.si.edu)

The lengthy inscription of 187 Chinese characters is an important component of the fangyi’s form, along with its very refined design. To engrave the characters, the ornamental style of calligraphy is utilized. The text displays recurrence within the lid and on the vessel itself.

The inscription reveals that the writing was originally written with a brush and subsequently transferred to the clay model as bronze. During the reign of the fourth monarch of the Zhou Dynasty, the inscriptions suggest that the owner of these vessels was deeply involved in the administrative meetings and religious rites held in the capital.

One of the earliest Chinese writing systems was preserved by the very pictographic and simple inscriptions on Shang bronzes. The Zhou Dynasty, which succeeded the Shang Dynasty, saw a rise in the length of metal inscriptions and a standardization of written characters.

As we can see in fangyi, the individual who commissioned bronze during that era was active in commemorating the event.Therefore, one can look at these wine cups now and be offered an understanding and history of the rituals and ceremonies associated with them, as well as gaining crucial information on  reconstructing ancient Chinese history.

Tag

More on this topic

More Stories

Contact us

Wherever & whenever you are,
we are here always.

The Middle Land

100 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 700 Santa Monica, CA 90401
Footer Contact

Terms and Conditions

October, 2023

Using our website

You may use the The Middle Land website subject to the Terms and Conditions set out on this page. Visit this page regularly to check the latest Terms and Conditions. Access and use of this site constitutes your acceptance of the Terms and Conditions in-force at the time of use.

Intellectual property

Names, images and logos displayed on this site that identify The Middle Land are the intellectual property of New San Cai Inc. Copying any of this material is not permitted without prior written approval from the owner of the relevant intellectual property rights.

Requests for such approval should be directed to the competition committee.

Please provide details of your intended use of the relevant material and include your contact details including name, address, telephone number, fax number and email.

Linking policy

You do not have to ask permission to link directly to pages hosted on this website. However, we do not permit our pages to be loaded directly into frames on your website. Our pages must load into the user’s entire window.

The Middle Land is not responsible for the contents or reliability of any site to which it is hyperlinked and does not necessarily endorse the views expressed within them. Linking to or from this site should not be taken as endorsement of any kind. We cannot guarantee that these links will work all the time and have no control over the availability of the linked pages.

Submissions 

All information, data, text, graphics or any other materials whatsoever uploaded or transmitted by you is your sole responsibility. This means that you are entirely responsible for all content you upload, post, email or otherwise transmit to the The Middle Land website.

Virus protection

We make every effort to check and test material at all stages of production. It is always recommended to run an anti-virus program on all material downloaded from the Internet. We cannot accept any responsibility for any loss, disruption or damage to your data or computer system, which may occur while using material derived from this website.

Disclaimer

The website is provided ‘as is’, without any representation or endorsement made, and without warranty of any kind whether express or implied.

Your use of any information or materials on this website is entirely at your own risk, for which we shall not be liable. It is your responsibility to ensure any products, services or information available through this website meet your specific requirements.

We do not warrant the operation of this site will be uninterrupted or error free, that defects will be corrected, or that this site or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or represent the full functionality, accuracy and reliability of the materials. In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including, without limitation, loss of profits, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damages whatsoever arising from the use, or loss of data, arising out of – or in connection with – the use of this website.

Privacy & Cookie Policy

September 11, 2024

Last Updated: September 11, 2024

New San Cai Inc. (hereinafter “The Middle Land,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) owns and operates www.themiddleland.com, its affiliated websites and applications (our “Sites”), and provides related products, services, newsletters, and other offerings (together with the Sites, our “Services”) to art lovers and visitors around the world.

This Privacy Policy (the “Policy”) is intended to provide you with information on how we collect, use, and share your personal data. We process personal data from visitors of our Sites, users of our Services, readers or bloggers (collectively, “you” or “your”). Personal data is any information about you. This Policy also describes your choices regarding use, access, and correction of your personal information.

If after reading this Policy you have additional questions or would like further information, please email at middleland@protonmail.com.

PERSONAL DATA WE COLLECT AND HOW WE USE IT

We collect and process personal data only for lawful reasons, such as our legitimate business interests, your consent, or to fulfill our legal or contractual obligations.

Information You Provide to Us

Most of the information Join Talents collects is provided by you voluntarily while using our Services. We do not request highly sensitive data, such as health or medical information, racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, etc. and we ask that you refrain from sending us any such information.

Here are the types of personal data that you voluntarily provide to us:

  • Name, email address, and any other contact information that you provide by filling out your profile forms
  • Billing information, such as credit card number and billing address
  • Work or professional information, such as your company or job title
  • Unique identifiers, such as username or password
  • Demographic information, such as age, education, interests, and ZIP code
  • Details of transactions and preferences from your use of the Services
  • Correspondence with other users or business that you send through our Services, as well as correspondence sent to JoinTalents.com

As a registered users or customers, you may ask us to review or retrieve emails sent to your business. We will access these emails to provide these services for you.

We use the personal data you provide to us for the following business purposes:

  • Set up and administer your account
  • Provide and improve the Services, including displaying content based on your previous transactions and preferences
  • Answer your inquiries and provide customer service
  • Send you marketing communications about our Services, including our newsletters (please see the Your Rights/Opt Out section below for how to opt out of marketing communications)
  • Communicate with users who registered their accounts on our site
  • Prevent, discover, and investigate fraud, criminal activity, or violations of our Terms and Conditions
  • Administer contests and events you entered

Information Obtained from Third-Party Sources

We collect and publish biographical and other information about users, which we use to promote the articles and our bloggers  who use our sites. If you provide personal information about others, or if others give us your information, we will only use that information for the specific reason for which it was provided.

Information We Collect by Automated Means

Log Files

The site uses your IP address to help diagnose server problems, and to administer our website. We use your IP addresses to analyze trends and gather broad demographic information for aggregate use.

Every time you access our Site, some data is temporarily stored and processed in a log file, such as your IP addresses, the browser types, the operating systems, the recalled page, or the date and time of the recall. This data is only evaluated for statistical purposes, such as to help us diagnose problems with our servers, to administer our sites, or to improve our Services.

Do Not Track

Your browser or device may include “Do Not Track” functionality. Our information collection and disclosure practices, and the choices that we provide to customers, will continue to operate as described in this Privacy Policy, whether or not a “Do Not Track” signal is received.

HOW WE SHARE YOUR INFORMATION

We may share your personal data with third parties only in the ways that are described in this Privacy Policy. We do not sell, rent, or lease your personal data to third parties, and We does not transfer your personal data to third parties for their direct marketing purposes.

We may share your personal data with third parties as follows:

  • With service providers under contract to help provide the Services and assist us with our business operations (such as our direct marketing, payment processing, fraud investigations, bill collection, affiliate and rewards programs)
  • As required by law, such as to comply with a subpoena, or similar legal process, including to meet national security or law enforcement requirements
  • When we believe in good faith that disclosure is necessary to protect rights or safety, investigate fraud, or respond to a government request
  • With other users of the Services that you interact with to help you complete a transaction

There may be other instances where we share your personal data with third parties based on your consent.

HOW WE STORE AND SECURE YOUR INFORMATION

We retain your information for as long as your account is active or as needed to provide you Services. If you wish to cancel your account, please contact us middleland@protonmail.com. We will retain and use your personal data as necessary to comply with legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements.

All you and our data are stored in the server in the United States, we do not sales or transfer your personal data to the third party. All information you provide is stored on a secure server, and we generally accepted industry standards to protect the personal data we process both during transmission and once received.

YOUR RIGHTS/OPT OUT

You may correct, update, amend, delete/remove, or deactivate your account and personal data by making the change on your Blog on www.themiddleland.com or by emailing middleland@protonmail.com. We will respond to your request within a reasonable timeframe.

You may choose to stop receiving Join Talents newsletters or marketing emails at any time by following the unsubscribe instructions included in those communications, or you can email us at middleland@protonmail.com

LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES

The Middle Land include links to other websites whose privacy practices may differ from that of ours. If you submit personal data to any of those sites, your information is governed by their privacy statements. We encourage you to carefully read the Privacy Policy of any website you visit.

NOTE TO PARENTS OR GUARDIANS

Our Services are not intended for use by children, and we do not knowingly or intentionally solicit data from or market to children under the age of 18. We reserve the right to delete the child’s information and the child’s registration on the Sites.

PRIVACY POLICY CHANGES

We may update this Privacy Policy to reflect changes to our personal data processing practices. If any material changes are made, we will notify you on the Sites prior to the change becoming effective. You are encouraged to periodically review this Policy.

HOW TO CONTACT US

If you have any questions about our Privacy Policy, please email middleland@protonmail.com

Logout

Are you sure? Do you want to logout of the account?

Article Submission

[forminator_form id="30962"]

New Programs Added to Your Plan

March 2, 2023

The Michelin brothers created the guide, which included information like maps, car mechanics listings, hotels and petrol stations across France to spur demand.

The guide began to award stars to fine dining restaurants in 1926.

At first, they offered just one star, the concept was expanded in 1931 to include one, two and three stars. One star establishments represent a “very good restaurant in its category”. Two honour “excellent cooking, worth a detour” and three reward “exceptional cuisine, worth a

 

February 28, 2023        Hiring Journalists all hands apply

January 18, 2023          Hiring Journalists all hands apply

More

Forgot Password ?

Please enter your email id or user name to
recover your password

Thank you for your participation!
Back to Home
Thank you for your subscription!
Please check your email to activate your account.
Back to Home
Thank you for your participation!
Please check your email for the results.
Back to Home

Login to Vote!

Thank you for your participation,
please Log in or Sign up to Vote

Thank you for your Comment

Back to Home

Reply To:

New Programs Added to Your Plan

[forminator_form id="31075"]

Login Now

123Sign in to your account